Cabrette, and old company
" The Auvergne peasant sings at any time and everywhere, to work, evenings, dances and it is wonderful to see how he is fond of music "wrote Henry Doniol the mid-nineteenth century.
Is there really an ancient repertoire of songs and music typical Auvergne? With the exception of the few recent compositions felibres, on which artists have adapted as Canteloube original music, the directory appears Auvergne, in essence, a version as "patois" of songs common to most provinces of peasant Ancient France.
Thus, songs and dances from the Auvergne seem more related to the language itself than the music itself, even if associated with local instrumental practice, they have a big role in forms of artistic expression most popular.
The traditional instrument is representative of a social environment and a given time. The time then interferes in this representation. Alongside the flute, the fife and drum used at the end of the Middle Ages, appeared early in the seventeenth century, the oboe and violin, and the following century, the bagpipe (bagpipes) and the old.
The bagpipes
The bagpipes (the local dialect "Tsabro") is one of bagpipes center whose history blends with the rise of Auvergne in Paris.
In its present form it dates from the mid-nineteenth century and consists of three parts:
✔ The bag, in addition to skin (usually goat hence its name) covered with a fabric generally stamped velvet, sometimes fringed with gold, which traps air and provides a continuous play of the instrument.
✔ The foot, which has three parts:
➮ The oboe (Cornell, or torch) is used to make the melody. The sound of the oboe is particularly due to the inner bore, the type of double reed (which emits the sound), tact musician's playing style and specific to the instrument,
➮ Pipe Cover called "drone", "brounjedou" or "roudinaire" when it has a cylindrical bore surmounted by a beating reed and a treble when he topped with a conical bore double reed
➮ The housing connects the last two parts to the bag, allowing the interchangeability of the feet (thus tones). It is often decorated with a wood or ivory can be carved head of an animal or a human head.
✔ Bellows : It can not be attributed solely to the bagpipes, much less the invention of a number of Auvergne as bagpipes use in Europe.
The bagpipes can be played with the mouth or a bellows.
Today, the cabrettaires typically use the bellows, which has the advantage of not tiring to get a more or less sour but also very boring.
All parts of the bagpipes are made of noble materials: boxwood, ebony, ivory or bone boxes, exotic wood refined for the foot, leather and velvet for the addition and each instrument is the subject of a work very neat and extremely rigorous.
The bagpipes today leaves many traces (registration, photographs, testimonials ...) for use in the understanding and the current use of the instrument.
Accordion
is a wind instrument of the family of the organ, which has a hand-powered bellows and one or two keyboards, which triggers the game valves which correspond to free reeds (like the harmonium) that move to the passage of air.
accordions modern, most, all the chromatic scale. The'invention in 1822, this instrument is assigned to the German F. Buschmamn and Austrian Cyrill Damian (organ builder and piano in Vienna) took a patent for a new instrument called Akkordion.
People par excellence, but the accordion was used by composers such as Hindemith, Schoenberg and Berg.
The old
ancient musical instrument, its onset is during the Middle Ages. The old is widely used in central France through making the important factors of old Jenzat (Allier), the most famous were Pimpart, Nigout, Pajot.
The bill also leaves popular in this area many instrumental tracks.
String Instrument melancholy and rhythmic, the old is to bring the violin to sound principle. Here, the bow is replaced by the wheel that rubs the strings and the neck by a keyboard.
Ropes extra for accompaniment (drone) and rhythmic (rope dog). The dog is a movable bridge vibrating on the table during the coup wrist.
is using a crank that operates the hurdy-gurdy wheel half-embedded in the body surface and protected by a curved band of light wood. This wheel touches the strings as it rotates and vibrates. The art of hurdy-gurdy is in the rhythm of the wrist shot (more or less long or jerky) given to the crank, which he completed by notes from the keyboard with his left hand.
The old generally have a wealth of decoration, inlaid with ivory, ebony, turquoise, mother of pearl also comes in for much of the same that etching with scrolls of foliage sometimes enhanced with color.
The violin
By the nineteenth century, the center of Mincourt provided substantial amounts of violins for France at prices often reasonable. No supply problems for musicians so popular because there were instruments and accessories at the hardware store or watch all the villages of some importance.
The ease of acquisition and the cost of the instrument developed very quickly the number of musicians in the south of the Puy de Dome and North Cantal.
Contrary to what is often thought, the violin is one of the most popular instruments scattered on the mountains of Auvergne. The violin music was in part maintained by its intimacy, in the evenings, family celebrations or villages.
The musicians began to learn the violin between 8 and 15. They made their first instrument often with the help of a carpenter or cobbler parent. A deal board, a bicycle cable for strings, hair tail on the donkey and a branch of the hazel bow, resin as rosin, and learning could well begin.
In briefs still presents the story of renowned fiddler who served as a model for many young fans.
practice the violin popular differs from that of classical violin. The varieties of directories and interpretation techniques are numerous Cézallier to Artense.
To illustrate this, the film in two parts on songs and dances of Creuse, Limousin and Auvergne by the folk group''Lo Danseus Jean Boueix Do''in a performance in July 2010 on the occasion of the feast du Chatelet in Budelière (Creuse):
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