Ecrin Gothic
Sitting on his butt, the Gothic cathedral Notre Dame de l'Assomption, as a huge black ship, crushing its mass, around the city and its high towers stand like to touch some of the Divine grace. Three Christian shrines predecessors at this location, the current gothic cathedral.
St., bishop of the city of Arverni the fifth century, he built the first cathedral, obtaining Christian worship so that its ghetto "vicus christianorum. He dedicated this building to the Saints Vitalis and Agricola, whose relics were brought from Bologna. The appearance of basilica is known to us by the description that was Gregory of Tours. 43 meters long, it was adorned with marble, had a nave and two aisles capped a transept and seventy columns. It was destroyed in 760 by Pepin the Short.
repented his act, he gave a large sum to the bishop Haddebert to finance its reconstruction, which lasted from 764 to 768. This second building was again destroyed by the Normans in 915.
Inspired by a dream, Bishop Stephen II built a third cathedral, Romanesque this time, which was consecrated in 946. She spent a model for unparalleled and probably served as a prototype for many churches in the Auvergne.
In 1248, Bishop Hugh of the Tour decided to launch the construction of a new cathedral (fourth), inspired by the Sainte-Chapelle, who had made his amazement during a visit to Paris : Build a church in the prestigious Northern Gothic style and allow him to assert his supremacy over a city that had been given to episcopal power just a few decades ago. Notre-Dame-du-Port, inspired by the cathedral of Stephen II, would be surpassed again.
The task was entrusted to Jean Deschamps whom we owe also the cathedral of Narbonne and Limoges. Inspired by Beauvais and Amiens, he produced the original plans where the windows do not occupy all available space between the supports and lack of arches arches, where warheads are under direct penetration the vault where the elliptical plan of the pillars of the roundabout leaving the choir to the bottom of the window into the sanctuary apse and where ingenious overhangs the deck can make the rounds of flying buttresses.
The main originality of the building was the material used: the black lava of Volvic whose resistance allowed to raise a large slender pillars.
Jean Deschamps worked from 1248 to 1287 of the choir, in which St. Louis came to marry his son, the future Philip the Bold, with Isabella of Aragon. The king may be financed for the occasion, a party stained glass windows that seem out of the same workshop as the Sainte-Chapelle.
Pierre Deschamps took over from his father until 1325, pushing the work beyond the transept crossing. From 1325 to 1340, the towers of the transept arms were raised by a supervisor unknown. One of them is familiar to us: Bayette Tower, the tallest, which owes its name to the watcher that we post at the top (Bayer meant watching).
From 1340 to 1355, Pierre de Cébazat, known for his work at La Chaise-Dieu, completed the three bays of the nave, which allowed to reach the Romanesque towers of the church of Stephen II. Disorders of the Hundred Years War did not leave him time to finish his work. During the years that followed, the chapter was content to fashion a new casing for the door of the sacristy.
Between 1444 and 1474, was placed above the bell choir called "return", a real stone openwork lace. He was shot after 1741.
Between 1507 and 1512, was raised a high roof covered with lead, replacing the original roof. A draft flamboyant Gothic facade was refused by the chapter since its cost was too high.
During the Revolution, rood screen, choir stalls, altar, statues and furniture, except the paschal candle Cafieri were destroyed and three rounds of the transepts were leveled. The Bayette owed its survival to its practical utility: it gave the time!
The Romanesque facade of the cathedral of Stephen II was shot in 1851.
It took until 1866 to start that work completion, according to plans made by Viollet-le-Duc. We then constructed from the existing one, what could be considered as a fifth cathedral.
In 1884, the west front with its arrows and the last bay of the nave, were finally completed in full compliance with construction methods of the Middle Ages. Only the size a bit more dry stones mark the difference. Retail little noticed inside the building was completely painted with fake device. The access step positions on the Rue des Gras was not achieved, meanwhile, that after the beginning of our century.
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